President Jeffrey W. Talley
President Jeffrey W. Talley is a published author with service in academia and corporations, as well as decorated military service. Find all of Dr. Talley’s past publications below.
Invited Lectures
- Talley, J.W., “Climate as a National Security Threat” Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI), September 24, 2021. Podcast.
Articles
- Talley, J.W., 2020. Disaster Management in the Digital Age. IBM Journal of Research & Development, Vol. 64, Issue 1/2, 1-5.
Invited Lectures
- Talley, J.W., “Cognitive Infrastructure, Building Resiliency,” Committee on America’s Infrastructure (CAI), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), April 2, 2020. Virtual presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Bonds of Trusts and Disaster Management”, Sundance Film Festival, Park City, UT, January 25, 2020. Panel discussion.
Articles
- Talley, J.W., 2014. The Nation’s Indispensable Reserve, The Military Engineer, Vol. 106, No. 692 (November-December), 50-52.
- Cui, X., Quicksall, A., Blake, A.B., Talley, J.W., 2013. Electrochemical Disinfection of Escherichia Coli in the Presence and Absence of Primary Sludge Particulates, Water Research, Vol. 47, Issue 13: 4383-4390.
- Nijak, G., Geary, J., Larson, S., Talley, J.W., 2012. Autonomous, Wireless In-Situ Sensor (AWISS) for Rapid Warning of Escherichia Coli Outbreaks in Recreational and Source Waters, Environmental Engineering and Science, Vol. 29, No. 1: 64-69.
- Geary, J., Nijak, G., Larson, S.L., Talley, J.W., 2011. Hydrolysis of the Soluble Fluorescent Molecule Carboxyumbelliferyl-1 Beta-D-Glucuronide by E. Coli Beta-Glucuronidase for Use in an Optical Sensor, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 1, 6-10.
- Cui, X., Talley, J.W., Liu, G., Larson, S.L., 2011. Effects of Primary Sludge Particulate (PSP) Entrapment on Ultrasonication (20 kHz) Disinfection of Escherichia coli, Water Research, 45, 3300- 3308.
- Liu, G., Talley, J.W., Na, C., Larson, S. L., Wolfe, L.G., 2010. Copper Doping Improves Hydroxapatite Sorption for Arsenate in Simulated Groundwaters, Environmental Science and Technology, 44 (4), 1366-1372.
Reports
- Talley, J.W., 2016. A Global Operational Reserve Force. The United States Army Reserve Posture Statement. Submitted to the Committees and Subcommittees of the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives. Congressional report.
- Talley, J.W., Wilson, P., Thomas, L., 2015. American’s Army Reserve: A Lifesaving, Life- Sustaining Citizen-Soldier Force for the Nation. The United States Army Reserve Posture Statement. Submitted to the Committees and Subcommittees of the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives. Congressional report.
- Nijak, G.M., Talley, J.W., 2013. Novel Task Functionalized Biopolymers for Enhanced Change Detection in Support of C-IED Operations. Defense Technical Information Center Report ADA584574. Research report.
- Nijak, Jr., G., Talley, J.W., 2013. Novel Task Functionalized Biopolymer for Enhanced Change Detection in Support of C-IED Operations, Environmental Technology Solutions/DARPA Final Report, April 15, 2013. Research report.
- Talley, J.W., Lambert, J.M., 2013. A Lifesaving and Life-Sustaining Force for the Nation. The United States Army Reserve Posture Statement. Submitted to the Committees and Subcommittees of the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives. Congressional report.
Patents
- Stennett, Steven M.; Talley, Jeffrey. W., 2019. Intelligence Situational Awareness, United States Patent Application P201804892; April 2019.
- Talley, Jeffrey W.; Larson, Steven; Wolfe; Lawrence G.; Fisher; Brian D., 2014. Biogenic Template for Enhanced Sorption of Contaminants, United States Patent 8748331B2; June 2014.
- Larson, Steven; Nijak, Jr.; Griggs; Christopher; Talley, Jeffrey W., 2013. Rhizobium Tropici Produced Biopolymer Salt, United States Patent Application 20130338003 A1; December 2013.
- Larson, Steven; Nijak, Jr., Gary; Talley, Jeffrey W., 2012. Polymers and Task Functionalized Polymers for Enhanced Change Detection, United States Patent Application WO2012135493;
October 2012. - Montestruque, Luis A.; Lemmon, Michael, D.; Talley; Jeffrey W., 2010. Distributed Monitoring and Control System, United States Patent 7792126; September 2010.
Invited Lectures
- Talley, J.W., “Serving Veterans and their Families”, Veteran’s Day Ceremony, Gilbert, AZ, November 7, 2019. Keynote speech.
- Talley, J.W., “Environmental Security in the Digital Age”, 35th Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water & Energy, Amherst, MA, October 23, 2019. Keynote luncheon address.
- Talley, J.W., “Executive Leadership Today”, Strategy and Innovation Gala Dinner, Oxford Said Business School, University of Oxford, September 5, 2019. Keynote dinner address.
- Talley, J.W., “Entrepreneurial Leadership”, Master Class Session, Oxford Said Business School, University of Oxford, September 5, 2019.
- Talley, J.W., “Building a Stronger Defense with Technology”, SERDP & ESTCP Symposium: Enhancing DoD’s Mission Effectiveness, Washington DC, November 27, 2018. Keynote address.
- Talley, J.W., “Measuring Success of Multiple Gulf Coast Restoration Programs: Accountability for Long-Term Success”, National Conference on Ecosystem Restoration (NCER), New Orleans, LA, August 29, 2018. Panel discussion.
- Talley, J.W., “Public Private Partnerships (P3) and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)”, DOD’s Al & Autonomy for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Workshop, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, August 3, 2018. Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Protection from Continuing Threats, Restoring Order”, DOD’s Al & Autonomy for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Workshop, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, August 2, 2018. Panel discussion.
- Talley, J.W., “Re-thinking Mission Readiness in the Digital Age”, SPADE Conference on Rethinking Defense and Security in the Digital Age, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 19, 2018. Panel discussion.
- Talley, J.W., “Technology and the Future”, Thatcher Business Education Center, Oxford Said Business School, University of Oxford, April 25, 2018, EMBA Guest Speaker Lecture.
- Talley, J.W., “Lessons in Leadership”, Thatcher Business Education Center, Oxford Said Business School, University of Oxford, September 6, 2017, EMBA Leadership Module Guest Speaker Lecture.
- Talley, J.W., “The Future of Democracy”, Advanced Leadership Initiative, Cross-Cohort Exchange, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, June 8, 2017, Panel discussion.
- Talley, J.W., “Military Veterans and Respect, the Key to the Right Policies,” American Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) Global Military Veteran Policy Symposium, May 18, 2017, USC, Los Angeles, California, May 18, 2017, Keynote address.
- Talley, J.W., “Elevating Water as a Global Priority,” Concordia Summit, New York City, New York, September 19, 2016, Panel discussion.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace,” Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 11, 2016, Seminar.
- Talley, J.W., “Military Service, Engineering the Peace, and the Role of Citizen Soldiers in Democracy,” University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, September 29, 2015, Seminar.
- Talley, J.W., “America’s Army Reserve,” Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS), Washington DC, July 16, 2015, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Global Threats,” U.S. Army War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 13, 2015, Keynote address.
- Talley, J.W., “Defeating Sexual Harassment and Assault,” Army Reserve SHARP Summit, Atlanta, Georgia, July 8, 2015, Keynote address.
- Talley, J.W., “Developing Innovative Technologies and Leading Startups,” Biotechnology Awards Ceremony, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, May 14, 2015, Keynote evening address.
- Talley, J.W., “Global Threats to the World and How Engineering Can Make a Difference,” Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, March 31, 2015, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Promoting Global Security,” Heritage Foundation, Washington DC, October 9, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Building Private Public Partnerships to Promote Security,” Medill National Security Journalism Initiative Conference, Washington DC, October 1, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Leading Through Life,” Morehouse College Leadership Lecture Series, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia, September 25, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “National Security and Energy,” Georgia Tech Strategic Energy Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, September 25, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “The Army Reserve and Global Security,” American Enterprise Institute, Washington DC, September 22, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J. W., “The Army Reserve and National Security,” Center for a New America Security, Washington DC, May 20, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Citizen Soldiers and National Security,” Council on Foreign Relations, Manhattan, New York, April 23, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Using Private Public Partnerships to Build Readiness,” Manhattan Chamber of Commerce, Manhattan, New York, April 23, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Global Threats to the World,” School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, April 15, 2014, Seminar.
- Talley, J.W., “Developing Innovative Technologies and Leading Startups,” Biotechnology Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, April 1, 2014, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Global Threats to the World,” Engineering for Sustainable Development, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, March 27, 2014, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Climate Change as a Global Threat,” Nation Security Implications of Climate Change Seminar, CNA Corporation Military Advisory Board, Arlington, Virginia, January 9, 2014, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “The Power of Private Public Partnerships,” 3rd Annual Hiring Our Heroes Awards Dinner, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington DC, November 12, 2013, Keynote evening address.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace Principles and Water Security,” Water Security and Conflict Prevention Summit; Institute of Peace, the Association of the United States Army, and the U.S. Water Partnership, Washington DC, September 10, 2013, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “The Army Reserve and National Security,” American Legion Annual National Convention, Houston, Texas, August 27, 2013, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Leading Through Life,” 17th Annual Wharton Leadership Conference, Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 19, 2013, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Promoting Peace and Stability Through Technology and Entrepreneurship,” Biotechnology Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, April 1, 2013, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Promoting Peace and Stability through Technology and Entrepreneurship,” Silicon Valley Comes to Oxford, Master Class Lecture, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, November 19, 2012, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W. “Integrating Big Data and Business for National Security,” Silicon Valley Comes to Oxford, 20:20 Lecture, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, November 19, 2012, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering and Sustainability, A Solution for Peace,” Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, April 24, 2012, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J. W., “Engineering for Sustainable Development in Iraq,” Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, April 5, 2011, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering, Business, and Social Entrepreneurship: A Case Study,” Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, December 3, 2010, Featured seminar speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering Sustainability and Security,” John Goodwin Tower Center for Political Studies 3rd Annual Conference on Security, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, November 22, 2010, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J.W., Engineering the Peace,” Godbey Lecture, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, November 15, 2010, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainability, and Security,” 20th World Captive Forum, Scottsdale, Arizona, November 10, 2010, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace in Baghdad,” Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, October 12, 2010, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering Research and Sustainability for Security,” Defense Science Research Council/Defense Agency Research Program 2010 Summer Conference, Santa Cruz, California, July 15, 2010, Keynote evening address.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering Sustainability and Social Entrepreneurship,” Dallas Summit on Sustainability, Dallas, Texas, June 21, 2010, Keynote opening address.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace,” American Academy of Environmental Engineers Annual Awards Banquet, National Press Club, Washington DC, May 18, 2010, Keynote luncheon speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace in Baghdad,” Department of State International Visitor Leadership Program, Dallas, Texas, April 9, 2010, Special presentation and discussion with Iraqi business leaders.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace in Baghdad and Beyond,” Business Executives for National Security, Dallas, Texas, April 20, 2010, Luncheon speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Leadership,” 4th Annual Friends of Scouting Dinner, Circle 10 Council, Dallas, Texas, March 11, 2010, Keynote speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace,” The Dallas Friday Group, Dallas, Texas, January 29, 2010, Keynote luncheon speaker.
Articles
- Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., Boggess, B., Ding, G., Birdsell, D., 2008. Fast Selective Detection of Polar Brominated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water using Precursor Ion Scans. Environmental Science & Technology, 42 (17), 6598-6603.
- Liu, G.J., Zhang, X.R., Talley, J.W., Neal C.R., Wang, H. 2008. Effect of NOM on Arsenic Adsorption by TiO2 in Simulated As (III)-Contaminated Raw Waters. Water Research, 42, (8-9), 2309-2319.
- Liu, G.J., Zhang, X.R., McWilliams, L., Talley, J.W., Neal, C.R., 2008. Influence of lonic Strength, Electrolyte Type, and NOM on As (V) Adsorption onto TiO2. Journal of Environmental Science & Health, Part A, 43 (4), 430-436.
- Liu, G.; Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., 2007. Effect of Cu (II) On Natural Organic Matter Removal During Drinking Water Coagulation using Aluminum-Based Coagulants. Water Environment Research, 79 (6), 593-599.
- Seders, L.A., Shea, C.A., Lemmon, M.D., Maurice, P.A., Talley, J.W., 2007. LakeNet: An Integrated Sensor Network for Environmental Sensing in Lakes. Environmental Engineering and Science 24 (2), 183-191.
- Ruggaber, T.P., Talley, J.W., Montestruque, L. A. 2007. Using Embedded Sensor Networks to Monitor, Control, and Reduce CSO Events: A Pilot Study. Environmental Engineering and Science 24 (2), 172-182.
- Liu, G. J., Zhang, X.R., Jain, J., Talley, J.W., Neal, C.R., 2006. Stability of Inorganic Arsenic Species in Simulated Raw Waters with the Presence of NOM. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply 6 (6), 175-182.
- Pirnie, E. F., Talley, J.W., Hundal, L. S., 2006. Abiotic Transformation of DDT in Aqueous Solutions. Chemosphere, 65 (9), 1576-1582.
- Pirnie, E. F., Talley, J.W., Hundal, L. S., 2006. Transformation of DDT and its Metabolites by Various Abiotic Methods. Journal of Environmental Engineering 132 (5), 560-564.
- Ruggaber, T.P., Talley, J.W., 2006. Enhancing Bioremediation with Enzymatic Processes: A Review. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management, 10 (2), SPECIAL ISSUE: Bioremediation, 73-85.
- Nicholl, S. I., Talley, J.W. 2006. Development for Thermal Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry for Environmental Applications. Chemosphere 63 (1), 132-141.
- Zhang, X., Echigo, S., Lei, H., Smith, M. E., Minear, R. A., Talley, J. W., 2005. Effects of Temperature and Chemical Addition on the Formation of Bromoorganic DBPs During Ozonation. Water Research, 39, (2-3), 423-435.
- Talley, J.W., Ghosh, U., Tucker, S., Furey, J., Luthy, R.G., 2004. Thermal Program Desorption Mass Spectrometry of PAHs from Mineral and Organic Surfaces. Environmental Engineering Science, 21 (6), 647-660.
- Fredrickson, H. L., Furey, J., Talley, J.W., Richmond, M., 2004. Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants and Quality of Organic Carbon. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2 (2), 77- 81.
- Nicholl, S. I., Talley, J. W., Silliman, S., 2004. Model Verification of Thermal Programmed Desorption-Mass Spectrometry for Estimation of Release Energy Values for PAHs on Mineral Sorbents. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23, (11), 2545-2550.
- Talley, J.W., Zhang, X., Waisner, S., Ringelberg, D., Hansen, L., 2004. Study of the Potential for Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons within Smear Zone Soils. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 130, (11), 1401-1406.
- Talley, J.W., Ghosh, U., Tucker, S., G., Furey, J. S., Luthy, R. G., 2002. Particle-Scale Understanding of the Bioavailability of PAHs in Sediment. Environmental Science & Technology, Special Issue in Honor of Professor James J. Morgan, 36 (3), 477-483.
- Gadomski, D., Golden, E., Irvine, R. L., Talley, J.W., Hundal, L. S., 2002. Natural Formation of Dioxins: A Review Among Four Sites. Organohalogen Compounds, 59, 263-266.
- Ringelberg, D. B, Talley, J.W., Perkins, E. J, Tuckers, S. G, Luthy, R.G., Bouwer, E. J, Fredrickson, H. L., 2001. Succession of Phenotypic, Genotypic, and Metabolic Community Characteristics During in Vitro Bioslurry Treatment of PAH-Contaminated Sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67 (4), 1542-1550.
- Ghosh, U., Talley, J.W., Luthy, R.G. Particle-Scale Investigation of PAH Desorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics from Sediment. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, 35 (17), 3468-3475
- Stocking, A.J., Deeb, R.A., Flores, A.E., Stringfellow, W., Talley, J. W., Brownell, R., Kavanaugh, M., C., 2000. Bioremediation of MTBE: A Review from a Practical Perspective. Biodegradation, 11 (2-3), 187-201.
Conference and Symposium Proceedings
- Cui, X., Talley, J.W., Larson, S.L., Liu, G., 2009. Optimization of Ultrasonic Disinfection of Combined Sewage Overflow Water. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Session 15 – Wet Weather, Vol 1, 884-884.
- Liu, G.J., Larson, S.L., Fisher, B., Talley, J.W., 2008. Removal of Arsenic from Groundwater using Iron-Modified Apatite. Proceedings of the IWA-Croucher Foundation Advanced Study Institute Sustainability (IWA-ASI) of Water Environment and Water Resources and Perspectives of Energy and Resources Saving and Recovery in Wastewater Treatment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, June 23-27.
- Liu, G.J., Larson, S.L., Talley, J.W., 2008. Iron or Copper Doped Hydroxylapatite shows Improved As(V) Removal from Water. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 236th National Meeting.
- Kijewski-Correa, T., Talley, J., Bauer, P., Haenggi, M., Antsaklis, P., Lemmon, M., Laneman, J.N., Montestruque, L., Fulton, J., Patnaik, G., 2008. Real-Time Plume Detection in Urban Zones Using Networked Sensing. Chemical and Biological Defense Physical Science and Technology Conference (CBD PS&T), Hilton New Orleans Riverside, LA, 17-21 November 2008.
- Zang, X., Ding, G., Talley, J.W., Boggess, B. 2008. Selective Detention and Formation of Highly Polar Brominated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 235th National Meeting; New Orleans, LA, Vol. 48, (1), 684-487.
- Talley, J.W.; Cui, X.; Berveiler, P. 2007. Distribution and Bioremediation of PAHs Among Different Particle Classes found in a Contaminated Surface Soil. Proceedings in Environmental Science and Technology; Beijing, China.
- Liu, G. J., Zhang, X.R., Talley, J.W., Neal, C.R., 2006. Adsorption of Arsenic on TiO2 in the Absence and Presence of Natural Organic Matter. Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry/Asia Pacific Conference; Beijing, China, September 18-20.
- Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., 2006. Determination of Sub-PPT Level Methyl Mercury in Seawater Samples. Abstract Papers of the American Chemical Society 231st National Meeting; Atlanta, GA, Vol. 46, (1), 40-44.
- Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., Davis, W.E., Conn, D. B., George. J.E., Li, Y., Mitchell, K., 2006. Comparison of Solid Phase Microextraction and Purge Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Methyl Mercury. Abstract Papers of the American Chemical Society, 231st National Meeting; Atlanta, GA, Vol. 46, (1), 32-38.
- Mcstay, F., Talley, J.W., Shea, C., 2005. Landfarming as a Bioremediation Technique for Oil Contaminated Lands in Iraq. Proceedings of The National Association of Environmental Professionals 30th Annual Conference.
- Ruggaber, T.P., Talley, J.W., 2005. Detection and Control of Combined Sewer Overflow Events using Embedded Sensor Network Technology. Impacts of Global Climate Change – Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress; Anchorage, Alaska.
- Young, K.M., Talley, J.W., Larson, S., 2005. Assessing the Availability of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene from Sand and Clay Minerals using TPD-MS. Proceedings of American Academy of Sciences First International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology.
- Jain, J.C., Padber, X., Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., Neal, C.R., 2004. Is it Safe to Consume Herbal Dietary Supplements? Proceedings of the International Symposium for Recent Advances in Pharmaceuticals; New Delhi, India, January 7-8.
- Nicholl, S., Talley, J.W., 2004. Assessing the Availability of Select Hydrophobic Organic Compounds from Geosorbents and Sediments using Thermal Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry. 4th SETAC World Congress Proceedings.
- Liu, G., Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., 2004. Complexation of Copper lons with Natural Organic Matter: its Effects on Coagulation in Drinking Water Treatment. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 227th National Meeting.
- Liu, G., Zhang, X., Talley, J.W., 2004. Complexation of Copper lons with Natural Organic Matter: Its Effects on Coagulation in Drinking Water Treatment. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 227th National Meeting; Anaheim, CA, Vol 44, (1), 134-138.
- Fredrickson H. L., Furey J. S., Talley, J.W., 2003. Biological Availability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants and Quality of Organic Carbon. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 225th National Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
- Talley, J.W., Johnson, D. R., Stevens, J. A., Fredrickson, H. L., Larson, S., L., Wade, R., 2002. Availability, Treatability, and Toxicity of DDT in River Sediment. Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity Conference, 273-277.
- Nicholl, S., Hundal, L., Talley, J.W., 2002. Effects of Aging on Release Energy of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Clays and Soils. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America Proceedings.
- Talley, J.W., Ghosh, U., And Luthy, R. G. 2001. Availability, Biotreatment, and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Harbor Sediments. Bioremediation of Energetics, Phenolics, And Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 6 (3), 189-195.
- Wani, A., Hansen, L., Talley J. W., Waisner, S., Ringelberg, D., 2001. Treatability Study for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination at Gasoline Alley. In-Situ Aeration and Aerobic Remediation, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 6 (10), 115-122.
- Talley, J. W., Felt, D. R., Hansen, L. D., Spain, J. C., Pritchard, H., Sewell, G. W., Tiedje, J.M., 2001. The Federal Integrated Biotreatment Research Consortium (Flask to Field). Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents, Battelle Pres, Columbus, OH, 6(7) 125-132.
- Nestler, C., Hansen, L., Ringelberg, D., Talley, J. W., 2001. Remediation of Soil PAH: Comparison of Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation. Ex-Situ Biological Treatment Technologies, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 6(6) 43-50.
- Nestler, C. C., Hansen, L. D., Waisner, S., Talley, J. W., 2001. Monitoring Bioremediation through In-Situ Soil Respiration. Innovative Methods in Support of Bioremediation, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 6(4) 59-66.
- Talley, J. W., Ghosh, U., Luthy, R. G., 2001. Availability and Bioslurry Treatment of PAHs in Contaminated Dredged Materials. Bioremediation of Energetics, Phenolics, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Battelle Press, Columbus OH, 6(3) 189-195.
- Ghosh, U., Luthy, R.G., Gillette, J.S., Zare, R.N., Talley, J.W., 2000. Effect of Microscale Location and Association of PAHs In Sediments Particles on Biotreatment. Sediment & Soil Chemistry Session, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in North America Proceedings.
- Ghosh U., Luthy R.G., Talley J.W., Tucker S., Furey J.S., 2000. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of PAH Desorption Processes from Sediment Particles. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 220th National Meeting, Washington, District of Columbia.
- Luthy R.G., Ghosh U., Gillette J.S., Zare R.N., Talley J.W., Tucker S., 2000. Microscale PAH Location and Association with Organic Matter and Effects on Biotreatment and Bioaccumulation. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 220th National Meeting, Washington, District of Columbia.
- Irvine, R.L., Talley, J.W., 2000. In-Situ and Ex-Situ Bioremediation: General Policies and Trends of Engineered Biotreatment Systems. Korean Solid Waste Engineering Society Autumn Conference Proceedings.
- Fredrickson, H., Ringelberg, D., Perkins, E., Talley, J.W., 2000. Microbial Community Composition and Activities of Ex-Situ and In-Situ Contaminants Bioremediation Systems. Proceedings of 9th European Congress on Biotechnology, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
- Talley, J.W., And Larson, S., 2000. Correlations Between Chemical Extractability, Bioavailability, and Bioaccumulation of PAHs in Marine Sediments. Sediment & Soil Chemistry Session, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in North America Proceedings.
- Talley, J.W., Hatzinger, P. B, Waisner, S. A., Goldstein, K., Navon, D., Heckleman, C. A, Senick, M., 2000. Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the Watervliet Arsenal. Case Studies in the Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. Edited by G. B. Wickramanayake, A. Arun. 2 (7) 213-220.
Chapters in Books and Edited Proceedings
- Prichard, H., Jones-Meehan, J., Nestler, C., Hansen, L.D., Jones, W., Hind, J., Talley, J.W., 2005. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) – Improved Land Treatment with Bioaugmentation. Chapter 8, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656-4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Talley, J.W., 2005. Future Needs for Research and Development, Chapter 9, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656-4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Talley, J.W. (Book Editor), 2005. Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656- 4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Talley, J.W., 2005. Introduction to Recalcitrant Compounds, Chapter 1, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656-4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Fredrickson, H., Furey, J.S., Talley, J.W., 2005. Toxicological Exposure of Bound Recalcitrant Compounds, Chapter 2, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656-4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Talley, J.W., 2005. Roadblocks to the Implementation of Biotreatment Strategies, Chapter 3, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656-4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Talley, J.W., 2005. The Federal Integrated Biotreatment Research Consortium (Flask to Field), Chapter 4, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, ISBN 1-56670-656-4, CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Reports
- Luthy, R., Zimmerman, J.R., McLeod, P.B., Zare, R.N., Mahajan, T., Ghosh, U., Bridge, T.S., Millward, R.N., Talley, J.W., 2004. In Situ Stabilization of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Marine Sediments. Defense Technical Information Center Report ADA604123. Research report.
- Fredrickson, H.L., Talley, J.W., Furey, J.S., Nicholl, S., 2003. Toxicological Exposure of Sediment- Bound Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants as a Function of the Quality of Sediment Organic Carbon and Microbial Degradation. Defense Technical Information Center Report ADA416025. Research report.
- Luthy, R. G., Zimmerman, J.R, McLeod, P.B, Zare, R.N., Mahajan, T., Ghosh, U., Bridges, T.S., Millward, R.N, Talley, J.W., 2003. In Situ Stabilization of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Marine Sediments. Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory (ERDC-EL), April 2004. Research report.
- Wade, R., Lotufo, G.R., Stevens, J.A., Houston, J.G., Fredrickson, H.L., Perkins, E.J., Morrow, A.B., Weiss, C.A., Furey, J.S., Felt, D., Duke, M., Talley, J.W., 2002. Assessment of DDT Bioavailability in the Little Sunflower River Sediment and Agricultural Soil. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Technical Report ERDC TR-02-6. Research report.
- Talley, J.W., Bajpai, R., Conway, R., Averett, D., Davis, J.L., Felt, D.R., Nester, C. (Editors), 2002. Federal Integrated Biotreatment Research Consortium (FIBRC): Flask to Field Initiative. Technical Report 02-37, U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Environmental Laboratory. Research report.
- Talley, J.W., Tucker, S., Furey, J., Felt, D., Ghosh, U., Luthy, R., Gillette, S., Zare, R.N., 2001. Assessment and Prediction of Biostabilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments. Defense Technical Information Center Report ADA608311. Research report.
- Hansen, L., Waisner, S., Ringleberg, D., Fredrickson, H., Wade, R., Bajpai, R., Talley, J., 2000. Gasoline Alley, Fort Drum Bioremediation Evaluation, Area 1595, Phase I and Phase II. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Technical Report ERDC/EL SR-00-13. Research report.
Invited Lectures
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace,” Lyle School of Engineering Executive Board, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, November 20, 2009, Special presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Rebuilding Baghdad and Beyond,” River Rats of the Trinity Trust, Dallas, Texas, November 10, 2009, Evening dinner speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace, What Will Change Everything,” TED SMU, Dallas, Texas, October 9-10, 2009, two TED platform presentations.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering your Future,” 95th Convocation, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, August 25, 2009, Keynote convocation speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace in Baghdad,” 72nd Annual Convention, Indiana Society of Professional Engineers Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, May 15, 2009, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Engineering the Peace in Baghdad,” Kroc Institute for Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, April 30, 2009, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Environmental Challenges in Baghdad,” Environmental Dialogue Symposium Conference (Iraq’s 1st conference on the environment), Baghdad, Iraq, January 12, 2009, Keynote speaker.
CV for JWTalley
25 - Talley, J. W., “Monitoring, Detection, and Control of Combined Sewer Overflows Using Embedded Sensor Networks,” Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, November 12, 2007, Feature seminar speaker.
- Talley, J. W., “Monitoring, Detection, and Control of Combined Sewer Overflows Using Embedded Sensor Networks,” 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Houston, Texas, August 7, 2007, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J.W., Fisher, B., Hanson, D., “Treatability of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater using Enhanced Apatite,” 11th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, Washington DC, June 28, 2007, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J. W., Fisher, B., Brownell, D., “Treatability of Metals in Dredged Materials Using Phosphate- Induced Stabilization,” 4th International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Savannah, Georgia, January 24, 2007, Platform speaker.
- Talley, J. W., Fisher, B., Hanson, D., “Treatability of Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater: Source Flux to River Sediments,” 4th International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Savannah, Georgia, January 25, 2007, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Monitoring, Detection, and Control of CSO Events Using Embedded Wireless Networks,” Peking University, Beijing, China, September 20, 2006, Featured seminar speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Assessing the Availability of Recalcitrant Pollutants in Soils and Sediments for Remedial Strategies,” SETAC Asia, Beijing, China, September 20, 2006, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Monitoring, Detection, and Control of CSO Events Using Embedded Wireless Networks,” Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, September 19, 2006, Seminar speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “CSOs in South Bend,” Isaac Walton League, South Bend, Indiana, February 15, 2006, Special presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Remediation and Research,” Malcolm Pirnie Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, February 1, 2006, Special presentation.
- Talley, J.W., Ruggaber, T., “Monitoring, Controlling, and Treating Combined Sewage Overflows Using Embedded Sensor Network Technology: A New Approach, “Third Meeting of the Committee on Integrated Observations for Hydrologic and Related Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, Denver, Colorado, December 2, 2005, Seminar speaker
- Talley, J.W., “Assessment of bioavailability and ecological risks,” Managing Uncertainty for Malcom Pirnie Bioaccumulating Contaminants in Sediments and Surface Waters Seminar, Chicago, Illinois, October 25, 2005, Special lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., “Correlating physical availability to bioavailability and treatment for hydrophobic organic compounds in soils and sediments,” Society of Industrial Microbiology Annual Meeting, Notre Dame, Indiana, October 8, 2005, Seminar speaker.
- Talley, J.W., “Environmental Engineering Needs for Defense Sustainability and Base Camp Development,” Defense Sustainability and Base Camp Workshop, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dedham, Massachusetts, September 21, 2005, Seminar speaker.
- Talley, J.W., Nichols, S., “Surface Complexation Modeling and Thermal Programmed Desorption for Mercury (Hg) Speciation and Availability,” NSF EMSI Advisory Board Meeting, Notre Dame, Indiana, August 3, 2005, Special lecture.
- Talley, J.W., “Detection, Control, and Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflow Events Using Wireless Embedded Sensors,” Johnson Controls Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 11, 2005, Guest lecture.
- Talley, J.W., “Detection and Control of Combined Sewer Overflow Events Using Wireless Embedded Sensors,” Indiana Chapter of ASCE Annual Meeting, Notre Dame, Indiana, March 23, 2005, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., Young, K.M., Larson, S., “Assessing the Availability of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene from Sand and Clay Minerals Using TPD-MS,” American Academy of Sciences 1st International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 24, 2005, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., Nicholl, S., “Assessing the Availability of Select Hydrophobic Organic Compounds from Geosorbents and Sediments Using Thermal Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry,” 4th SETAC World Congress, Portland, Oregon, November 16, 2004, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., Lemmon, M., Maurice, P., “Detection and Control of Combined Sewer Events Using Embedded Sensor Network Technology,” NSF Hydrologic Observatory Meeting, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, November 12, 2004, Featured seminar.
- Talley, J.W., Nicholl, S., “Development and Application of Thermal Program Mass Spectrometry Methods to Assess the Availability of Select Hydrophobic Organic Compounds and Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments,” Dupont’s Sediment and Soils Network Meeting, Wilmington, Delaware, April 29, 2004, Special lecture.
- Talley, J.W., “Detection and Control of Combined Sewer Events Using Embedded Sensor Technology,” Business Innovation Symposium, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, April 20, 2004, Special lecture.
- Talley, J.W., Zhang, X., “Mercury Speciation and Availability in Tidal Waters, Suspended Solids and Sediments from the San Francisco Bay. California Water Policy Council and Federal Ecosystem Directorate (CALFED) Coordination Group Meeting, San Francisco, California, February 24, 2004, Guest lecturer.
- Talley, J.W., Thermal Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry: a New Approach for Assessing the Availability of Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants,” Symposium on Notre Dame Environmental Education and Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, November 12, 2003, Special seminar.
- Talley, J.W., “Availability, Biotreatment, and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Harbor Sediments,” External Reviewers for the Department of Civil Engineering & Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, March 25, 2002, Special seminar.
- Talley, J.W., Johnson, D., Larson, S., L., Fredrickson, H., Stevens, J., Wade, R., “Availability, Treatability, And Toxicity of DDT In River Sediment,” ASCE 3rd Specialty Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal, Orlando, Florida, May 7, 2002, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Availability, Biotreatment, and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Harbor Sediments,” 17th Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments, and Water, Amherst, Massachusetts, October 23, 2001, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., “Availability, Biotreatment, and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Harbor Sediments,” 1st International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Venice, Italy, October 11, 2001, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J. W., Felt, D. R., Hansen, L., Spain, J., Pritchard, H., Sewell, G. W., Tiedje, J.M., “The Federal Integrated Biotreatment Research Consortium (Flask to Field),” 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, San Diego, California, June 6, 2001, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J. W., Ghosh, U., Luthy, R. G., “Availability and Bioslurry Treatment of PAHs in Contaminated Dredged Materials,” 6th International In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium – San Diego, California, June 6, 2001, Platform presentation.
- Talley, J.W., Hatzinger, P. B, Waisner, S. A., Goldstein, K., Navon, D., Heckleman, C. A, Senick, M., “Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at The Watervliet Arsenal,” 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California, May 23, 2000, Platform presentation.
Additional Publications
- “Detection and Control of Combined Sewer Overflow Events Using Embedded Sensor Network Technology,” Indiana 21st Century, $1,000,000; Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), Lemmon, M. (University of Notre Dame), Maurice, P. (University of Notre Dame), Ketchum, L. (University of Notre Dame), Ostafin, A. (University of Notre Dame), Chappell, W. (Purdue University), Bagchi, S. (Purdue University), Girman, S. (Greeley and Hansen LLC), George, E. (Environmental Health Laboratories, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.), Heffron, K. (Environmental Health Laboratories, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.), Montestruque, L. (EmNet LLC), 2004-2007.
- “Evaluating the Re-release of Mercury from Recycle Coal Combustion Residues (Synthesis Study),” Joint Transportation Research Program, Indiana Department of Transportation, $30,000; Woertz, J. (University of Notre Dame), Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), 2005-2006.
- “Mercury Speciation and Availability in Tidal Waters, Suspended Solids and Sediments from the San Francisco Bay,” U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-San Francisco District and the U.S. Army Research Office, $125,000; Talley, (University of Notre Dame), X. Zhang, (University of Notre Dame), 2004-2006.
- “Surface Complexation Modeling and Thermal Programmed Desorption for Mercury Speciation and Availability,” NSF’s Environmental Molecular Science Institute at Notre Dame and Dupont Inc., $50,000; (Ph.D. student stipend), Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), 2004-2006.
- “Effect of Complexation of Heavy Metal lons (Cd, Cu, Pb) with NOM and Bacteria in Contaminated Groundwater Systems on Coagulation,” NSF’s Environmental Molecular Science Institute at Notre Dame, $75,000; (Ph.D. student stipend), Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), Zhang, X. (University of Notre Dame), 2003-2006.
- “Microscale Characterization of the Binding and Sequestration of Nitroaromatics in Biotreated Soils,” U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-Baltimore District, $199,000; Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), 2002-2006.
- “Thermal Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds (HOCs)”, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-Baltimore District, $343,000; Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), 2002-2004.
- “In Situ Stabilization of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Marine Sediments,” U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, $1500,000; Luthy, R.G. (Stanford University), Ghosh, U., (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Zaire, R. (Stanford University), Bridges, T. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research Development Center), Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), 2001-2004.
- “Roanoke River and Natural Formation of Dioxin Studies.” Georgia-Pacific Corporation, $250,000; Burns, P., (University of Notre Dame), Irvine, B., (University of Notre Dame), Talley, J.W. (University of Notre Dame), 2001-2003.
- “Assessment and Prediction of Biostabilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments,” U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, $1,500,000; Talley, J.W. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station), Luthy, R.G. (Carnegie Mellon University) R.N. Zare, R.N., (Stanford University), Pritchard, H., (Naval Research Laboratory), 1997-2000.
Articles
- Talley, J.W., Sleeper, P.M., 1997. Roadblocks to the Implementation of Biotreatment Strategies, Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 829, (1), 16-29.
Conference and Symposium Proceedings
- Talley, J.W., Furey, J., 1999. Thermal Programmed Desorption with Direct Sampling lon Trap Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Soils Contaminated with Semivolatile Organic Compounds. Proceedings of the 47th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Dallas, Texas.
- Luthy, R., Ghosh, U., Talley, J. W., Gillette, S., Zare, R., 1999. Microscale Spectroscopic Characterization of Sequestration of PAHs on Sediments. Bioremediation Technologies for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. Edited by A. Leeson, B.C. Alleman. 5(8) 289-295.
- Ringelberg, D., Perkins, E., Hansen, L., Talley, J. W., Fredrickson, H., 1999. Relating Biodegradation Potentials to In-Situ Microbial Community Composition. In-Situ Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon and Other Organic Compounds, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. Edited by A. Leeson, B.C. Alleman. 5(3) 545-550.
- Talley, J. W., Goldstein, K. J, Schaar, R. G., Hatzinger, P. B., Chaki, S., Senrick, M., 1999. Bioremediating PAHs and TPH at Watervliet Arsenal. Bioreactor and Ex-Situ Biological Treatment Technologies, Battelle Press. Columbus, OH. Edited by A. Leeson, B.C. Alleman. 5(5) 87-95.
- Secker, L., Mcmanus, A., Talley, J.W., 1998. Bioremediating a Buffalo Brownfield: A Comparison of Bench-Scale Biotreatability Results to Full-Scale Remediation. Proceedings of the 30th Mid- Atlantic Industrial and Hazardous Waste Conference, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania.
- Luthy, R.G., Talley, J.W., Ortiz, E., Dzombak, D.A., 1997. The Sequestration and Biostabilization of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in Sediments. Proceedings of the National Science Foundation Workshop on Research Needs for Coastal Pollution in Urban Areas, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 129-137.
Reports
- Zappi, M., Toro, E., Jones, R., Talley, J., Data, M., 1997. Treatment of Low-Level Contaminated Landfill Leachate Using Advanced Oxidation Processes. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. Miscellaneous Paper IRRP-97-4. Research report.
Invited Lectures
- Talley, J. W., Goldstein, K. J, Schaar, R. G., Hatzinger, P. B., Chaki, S., Senrick, M., “Bioremediating PAHs and TPH at Watervliet Arsenal,” 5th International In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, San Diego, California, April 22, 1999, Platform presentation.
